Analyzing device for statstical machines



Sept. 1, 1942.

M. MAUL ANALYZING DEVICE FOR STATISTICAL MACHINES Filed July 21, 1939 2Sheets-Sheet, 1

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ANALYZING DEVICE FOR STATISTICAL MACHINES Sept, 1,1942.

Filed July 21, 1959 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 b m A 3 o. I'M: m

S a m .21 m f N I o 3 MM N H'll' & .J l

a f y 21 TTORNEY Patented Sept. 1, 1942 ANALYZHIG DEVICE FOR STATISTICALMACHINES Michael Maul, Berlln-Johannisthal, Germany, vested in the AlienProperty Custodian Application July 21, 1939, Serial No. 285,735 .InGermany August 6, 1938 1 Claim.

means must take place wherein the rays emitted v by a source of lightanalyze the graphical characters and are then directed to thelight-sensitive device. g;

The sorting of the cards is always effected according to certain columnsor places-in the decimal numerical system according to decimal places ofthe card field to be sortedand for this purpose in all machines now inuse there is a single analyzing device provided for all columns whichmay be selectively adjusted to any desired column, namely to that columnaccording to which sorting shall take place.

The primary object of the present invention resides in the provision ofa light-responsive analyzing device on record card controlled machinesfor controlling the operations thereof in accordance with the graphicalcharacters provided on the cards in different columns and having on theside-walls of the machine between which the card is being fed, a singlelight-source stationarily provided, from which a beam of rays isdirected to light-responsive means which is also stationarily providedon the opposite side-wall for a reliable analysis if graphicalcharacters are analyzed according to their area. Further, of course, inthe structural arrangement considerable advantages are obtained, if thelight-source and light-cell are stationarily provided and if only acomparatively small optical device must be adjusted.

Other objects of the invention will be pointed out in the followingdescription and claims and illustrated in the accompanying drawings,which disclose, by way of example, the principle of the invention .andthe best mode, which has been contemplated, of applying that principle.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 shows in an enlarged scale the configuration of graphicalnumerical characters as they may be printed upon recordcards; in Fig. 1,however, also the position of the index points is indicated fwhich areanalyzed by the analyzing device. I Fig. shows a record card withgraphical characters of the type indicated in Fig. 1.

. .Fig."-3 shows in a section the light-electrical and an optical-systeminserted therebetween for diverting the beam of rays upon the card forthe purpose of the analysis of the characters, and in which system isprovided manually adjustable means between the light source andlight-responsive means for the purpose of column selection of the recordcard.

The arrangement according to the invention afiords the great advantagethat the light-source tering the light-cell is independent from thecolumn selection, and this is theprimary condition analyzing device on acard sorting machine, wherein the light-source and the light-cell arearranged on opposite side-walls of the machine and between which theoptical system is adjustable.

, There are difierent ways to choose the configuration and analysis ofgraphical characters. According to one 01' the suggestions known so far,the graphical "characters may be so selected that they differ from eachother by their contents in black area and the machine is controlled inaccordance with the'difl'erential black area of the characters.According to another suggestion the graphical characters, such as forinstance the numerals. are so selected in their configuration that inaccordance with an indexpoint system to be assumed in a certain manner,a different combination of black and light analyzing points is obtainedfor each character, whereby again a difl'erential control of the machineis made possible. The provision according to the invention may beapplied in the same manner for both types of graphical characters justas well as for the analysis of perforated record cards.

In Fig. 1 there are shown in an enlarged scale the graphical charactersaccording to the indexpoint system. The index-points to be analyzed areindicated by white or black circles respec-.

tively, and the following may be seen: It the machine will analyze ineach character the four index-points coordinated thereto, depending uponthe meaning of the characters, distinct combinations of black and lightpoints are'obtained which may be used in a known manner (see U. S.Patent 2,000,403) for the control of statistical machines. The Fig. 2shows a record card l serving for the control and having numeralcharacters of the same configuration as the numerals shown in Fig. 1,said characters being provided in four lines a, b, c, d.

In Fig. 3 the light-source and the light-cell are provided on oppositesidewalls 35,36 of the sorting machine. The optical system is providedon the carrier 2| which may be adjusted by the worm shaft 29 todifierent columns and which is kept in vertical position by the guidebar 28. The columnary adjustment of the carrier 2| is effected byrotation of the crank 38. rier 2| are provided two mirrors 22, 23 andtwo systems 26, 21 of lenses, the system 26 directing the rays of lightupon the card so that the characters on the card are in focus, and thereflected rays are concentrated by the system 21 of lenses and directedto the light-cell. It may be seen that the rays of light are directedfrom the lightsource 30 over the system 3| of lenses, within the bellows24 to the mirror 22, from there to the system 26 of lenses, and willthen encounter the card. From the card the light rays are reflected moreor less depending upon the presence of a light or dark spot, through thesystem 21 of lenses they are directed upon the mirror 23 and from therewithin the bellows 25 over the system 39 of lenses to the light-cell 40.Upon the analysis of the numerals represented in Fig. 1' analyzingimpulses must be initiated at four successive predetermined moments, i.e. if the four index-points are advanced past the system 26, 21 oflenses and since, as is shown in Fig. 1, the outmost and lowermostindex-points are set off sidewardly, this circumstance is taken intoconsideration so that .the worm shaft 29 and therewith also the opticalsystem on the carrier 2| may be sidewardly moved by the cam 34. The wormshaft 29 is kept under the pressure of the spring 32 with its end 33against the cam 34. The same, however, rotates synchronously with thepassage of the four lines of characters a, b, c, d on the card l0 pastthe analyzing station. Accordingly, through each of the four raisedportions of the cam 34 which are shown in the drawing, the worm shaft 29and therewith the analyzing device is moved upon the passage of anumeral line from the position illustrated to the right. For a moredetailed description of this operation reference should be made to theabove mentioned -co-pending application.

It is now assumed that the cards pass through the machine so that firstthe uppermost and finally the lowermost index-point (Fig. 1) will arriveunder the analyzing device. If the uppermost index-point is beinganalyzed, the character 2| is not yet moved by the cam 34. If, however,both middle index-points are analyzed the carrier 2| has been slightlymoved to the right and immediately thereupon a further slight movementto the right will occur, so that the left hand lower index-point, shownin Fig. 1 will be analyzed, whereupon the device will again return toits home position due to the shape of the cam. Upon the passage of thenext lines past the analyzing device each time, however, the sameoperation will take place. In the electrical circuits which are notillustrated-there is a line-selection-switch which is adjustable to theline in which the column to be sorted is selected so that On the careachtime only the column of this line may become effective. These circuitsare shown in the said co-pending application and since they form no partof the present invention need not be shown.

If the graphical characters are represented in the other systemmentioned in the introduction and if accordingly they are distinct fromeach other by their different bla k area, it is absolutely necessarythat the light rays impinging upon .the light-cell 'are independent fromthe column selection since the intensity of the light is the solecharacteristic of the meaning of the analyzed character. Thisindependence from the column selection is obtained in the deviceaccording to the invention,- if the light-source and light-cell areprovided on opposite side-walls of the machine and if therebetween theoptical de- Woe is adjustable as is shown in Fig. 3. In this arrangementthe weakening of the rays through dampening and the absorption in theoptical system and on the card is independent from the position of theoptical system between light-source and light-cell.

It may be designated by L1=the light current passing from thelightsource.

--I.=the light curent encountering the light-cell.

a=the distance between light-source and lightcell.

x=the distance of the optical system from the light-source.

k=the part of the light absorbed by the optical system and the analysisof the card.

f=a factor for the dampening and absorption of the light per unit ofway.

e=2,'71828=the basis of the natural logarithm.

' This light current L" is again weakened and this weakening isdependent upon the remaining distance (a-x) and f. The light current L2arriving at the light-cell is.then

While there has been shown and described and pointed out the fundamentalnovel features of the invention as applied to a single modification, itwill be understood that various omissions and substitutions and changesin the form'and details of the device illustrated and in its operationmay be made by those. skilled in the art without departing from thespirit of the invention. It is the intention, therefore to be limitedonly as indicated by the scope of the following claim.

What is claimed is:

A machine controlled by record cards which are fed along a predeterminedpath and which have graphical characters disposed thereon in differentcolumnar areas having means for analyzing the characters comprising asource of light rays, light responsive means and related lens systems,said source and relative lens system; and said light responsive meansand related lens system fixedly secured to opposite side walls of themachine, respectively, individual optical'systems for directing the raysof light from the said source in the path of the record cards and fromthe said cards to the light responsive means, respectively, saiddirecting systems being mounted on a settable carrier disposed betweenthe said side walls, and adjustable means cooperating with said carrierfor positioning the carrier and light ray directing systems fordirecting the rays of light to and from the different columns of char-.

acters on the record cards.

MICHAEL MAUL.

